互感器又稱為儀用變壓器，是電流互感器和電壓互感器的統稱。能將高電壓變成低電壓、大電流變成小電流，用于量測或保護系統。其功能主要是將高電壓或大電流按比例變換成標準低電壓（100V）或標準小電流（5A或1A，均指額定值），以便實現測量儀表、保護設備及自動控制設備的標準化、小型化。同時互感器還可用來隔開高電壓系統，以保證人身和設備的安全。
工作原理
在供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)線(xian)路中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相差從幾(ji)安到(dao)(dao)幾(ji)萬(wan)安，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相差從幾(ji)伏到(dao)(dao)幾(ji)百萬(wan)伏。線(xian)路中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)都比(bi)較(jiao)高，如直接測(ce)量是非常(chang)危險(xian)的(de)(de)。為(wei)(wei)便(bian)于二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)測(ce)量需(xu)要轉(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)比(bi)較(jiao)統(tong)一的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，使(shi)用(yong)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)起到(dao)(dao)變流(liu)變壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣隔離(li)的(de)(de)作用(yong)。顯示(shi)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)大(da)(da)部(bu)分是指針式的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao)，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)(da)多數(shu)是安培級(ji)的(de)(de)（如5等(deng)(deng)）。隨著(zhu)時代發展(zhan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量測(ce)量大(da)(da)多已(yi)經達到(dao)(dao)數(shu)字化，而計算機(ji)的(de)(de)采(cai)樣(yang)的(de)(de)信號一般為(wei)(wei)毫安級(ji)（0-5V、4-20mA等(deng)(deng)）。微型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)(wei)毫安級(ji)，主要起到(dao)(dao)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)與采(cai)樣(yang)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)橋梁作用(yong)。微型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)稱之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)“儀(yi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)”。（“儀(yi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)”有一層含(han)義(yi)是在實(shi)驗室使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)比(bi)精密電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，一般用(yong)于擴(kuo)大(da)(da)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)量程。）
電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器原理線(xian)路圖微型電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器與變(bian)壓(ya)器類似也是根(gen)據電(dian)磁感(gan)應原理工(gong)作(zuo)，變(bian)壓(ya)器變(bian)換的是電(dian)壓(ya)而(er)微型電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器變(bian)換的是電(dian)流(liu)罷了。繞(rao)組N1接被(bei)測電(dian)流(liu)，稱(cheng)為(wei)一次繞(rao)組（或原邊繞(rao)組、初級繞(rao)組）；繞(rao)組N2接測量(liang)儀表(biao)，稱(cheng)為(wei)二(er)次繞(rao)組（或副邊繞(rao)組、次級繞(rao)組）。
互感器主要應用
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)為了傳輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，往往采用(yong)(yong)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流回路把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)送(song)往用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)，無法用(yong)(yong)儀表(biao)進行(xing)直接(jie)(jie)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，就(jiu)是(shi)將交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流按比例降到(dao)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)儀表(biao)直接(jie)(jie)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數值(zhi)，便于儀表(biao)直接(jie)(jie)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，同時為繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護和(he)自(zi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)傳遞(di)到(dao)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流二(er)次側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀表(biao)及繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護、自(zi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種特殊(shu)變壓(ya)(ya)器，是(shi)一(yi)次系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)二(er)次系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯絡元件，其一(yi)次繞組接(jie)(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，二(er)次繞組分別與(yu)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀表(biao)、保(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)等互(hu)相連接(jie)(jie)。互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器與(yu)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀表(biao)和(he)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)配合(he)(he)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)一(yi)次系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)；與(yu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護和(he)自(zi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)配合(he)(he)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)構(gou)成對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)各種故障的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣保(bao)(bao)護和(he)自(zi)動(dong)控制。互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞，直接(jie)(jie)影響(xiang)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、計(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準確性和(he)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器保(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)動(dong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性。
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